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The Penelope knowledge graph contains comprehensive coverage data from major US health insurers and Medicare:

Data Sources

  • Commercial Insurers: UnitedHealthcare, Cigna, Aetna, Humana, Anthem
  • Medicare: CMS National Coverage Determinations (NCDs), Local Coverage Determinations (LCDs), and Local Coverage Articles (LCAs)

Coverage Statistics

Note: The following statistics are based on the current knowledge graph. Numbers grow as new data sources are added.

Medical Coding Systems

  • CPT Codes (Current Procedural Terminology): ~10,000 procedure codes
  • CPT Modifiers: ~200 procedure modifiers
  • HCPCS Level 2 Codes: ~6,500 alphanumeric codes for services and supplies
  • HCPCS Modifiers: ~50 service modifiers
  • ICD-10-CM Codes (Diagnosis): ~72,000 diagnosis codes with hierarchical structure
  • ICD-10-PCS Codes (Procedures): ~78,000 inpatient procedure codes

Insurance Coverage Data

  • Insurance Payers: 5 major US insurers (UnitedHealthcare, Cigna, Aetna, Humana, Anthem)
  • Insurance Plans: Hundreds of plans across commercial, Medicare, Medicaid, and exchange markets
  • Medical Policies: Thousands of coverage policies including:
    • UnitedHealthcare commercial, Medicare Part A/B, Medicare Advantage, Exchange policies
    • Cigna commercial policies
    • Aetna commercial policies
    • Humana commercial and state-specific policies
    • Anthem multi-state policies (abc, abcbs, abcny, abcbs_va)
    • Medicare NCDs (National Coverage Determinations)
    • Medicare LCDs (Local Coverage Determinations) from 20+ contractors
  • Medicare Contractors: 20+ Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs) with state jurisdictions

Knowledge Graph Relationships

  • COVERS edges: Hundreds of thousands of policy-to-code coverage relationships
  • DOES_NOT_COVER edges: Tens of thousands of policy-to-code exclusion relationships
  • REFERENCES edges: Millions of policy-to-code mention relationships (including LCA articles)
  • DEFINES edges: Linking plans to policies (commercial and Medicare)
  • HAS_CHILD edges: ~70,000 hierarchical ICD-10-CM parent-child relationships
  • CROSS_REFERENCES edges: HCPCS code-to-code reference relationships
  • OFFERS edges: Payer-to-plan relationships
  • ADMINISTERED_BY edges: Medicare plan-to-contractor relationships

Update Frequency

  • Medicare data: Updated quarterly with CMS releases
  • Commercial policies: Monitored continuously, updated as payers publish revisions
  • Medical codes: Updated annually (CPT/HCPCS) or as CMS releases updates (ICD-10-CM)